From Sanskrit Loan Words to Indonesian Neology: The Evolving Meaning of Keluarga (Family) in the Shadow Historical Change | Do Empréstimo Sânscrito à Neologia Indonésia: o Significado em evolução de Keluarga (Família) à Sombra da Mudança Histórica

 

 

 

Akiko Sugiyama
Integrated Researcher, Intituto do oriente, Universidade de Lisboa. Senior Lecturer, Departament of History, University of Malaya. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.">

 

 

Abstract:

Keluarga is an Indonesian word for the nuclear family and hausehold consisting of mother, father, and their children. Yet in its initial existence, the word comprised two Sankrit words, kula and warga, and each referred to a broad range of entities from community, country to an unspecified group of people living under the same roof. This articlen surveys the etymological and semantic transition of keluarga from Sanskrit loan words to an Indonesian neology. it highlights three main phases that coincieded with broader contexts of historical change. Localization of Indian influences, specifically, selective adoption and adaptation of Sanskrit lexicon, helped devise Old Javanese and led to the merging of kula and warga by the thirteenth century. Dutch empire-building in the nineteenth century went in tandem with the construction of official malay. The Malay-Dutch lexicography commonly employed standardized meanings of keluarga, namely, kinship, blood relationships, and the Dutch Ethical Policy (1901-42) and the national family planning programme since the 1970s, have overarchingly aspired to make the small, nuclear family the most basic unit of society in persuit of development and progress. Consequently, the meaning and usage of keluarga further expanded to include the nuclear family and hausehold by the 1950s and the unit of reproduction composed of mother, father, and their children by the late 1980s

Keywords: leguarga, family, household, Indonesia, etymology.

 

Resumo: 

Keluarga é uma palavra indonésia que designa a família nuclear e o agregado composto por mãe, pai e respetivos filhos. No entanto, quando surgiu, a palavra era formada por duas palavras sânscritas, kula e warga, e cada uma referia-se a uma vasta gama de entidades, desde a comunidade, e o país até um grupo não especificado de pessoas a viver sob o mesmo teto. Este artigo analisa a transição etimológica e semântica de keluarga desde o empréstimo sânscrito até à neologia indonésia. São destacadas três fases principais que coincidiram com contextos mais amplos de mudanças históricas. A localização das influências indianas, especificamente a adoção seletiva e a adaptação de léxito sânscrito, ajudou a construir o Javanês antigo e levou à fusão e kuala e warga no século XIII. A construção do império holandês no século XX, tais como a Política ética Holandesa (1901-41) e o programa nacional de planeamento familiar a partir da década de 1970, aspiraram, de forma global, a transformar a pequena família nuclear na unidade mais básica da sociedade em busca do desenvolvimento e do progresso. Consequentemente, o significado e o uso de keluarga expandiram-se de forma a incluir a família nuclear e o agregado familiar nos anos 50 e a unidade de reprodução composta por mãe, pai e respetivos filhos até ao final da década de 1980.

Palavras-chave: keluarga, família, agregado familiar, Indonésia, etimologia.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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